When Mum Can No Longer Be Left Alone

Food for Thought

Brunei’s ageing parents belong with their families. But love and responsibility alone cannot provide nursing, rehabilitation or endless hours of care. As LegCo confronts an ageing society, perhaps the real question is not who should care for Mum — but who will help the family when Mum can no longer be left alone?

KopiTalk LegCo Tracker · Second Meeting — Special Report (Ageing & Care)

Brunei is ageing faster than once assumed, and this LegCo session put elderly welfare back on the record. The question is no longer simply how many elderly Bruneians there will be, but whether families will have enough support to care for them.

By Malai Hassan Othman

Brunei has known for some time that it is ageing.

In its closing remarks summarising this Second Meeting's debates, the Legislative Council listed the welfare of the elderly — kesejahteraan warga emas — among the issues Members had raised.

The harder question the summary left open is more immediate: who will provide the care as more Bruneians grow old?

By 2050, nearly 29 per cent of Brunei's population is projected to be over 60 — 28.7 per cent, according to Brunei's own assessment submitted to the World Health Organisation's Age-Friendly Communities programme, up from around 14 per cent by 2028.

That demographic change will eventually be felt not only in hospitals, pensions and welfare budgets. It will arrive quietly inside ordinary Bruneian homes.

The difficult moment may come when Mum survives a stroke, receives treatment and is eventually considered well enough to leave hospital.

She is home.

But she cannot be left alone.

She may need help bathing, eating and moving. There are medicines to manage, appointments to attend and rehabilitation exercises to continue.

Her children have families of their own.

They also have jobs.

That is where an ageing statistic becomes a family question — and where Brunei's own care system deserves closer examination.

Much of Brunei's geriatric care today still runs through hospitals rather than dedicated elder-care infrastructure — a pattern common to health systems still building specialised elderly-care manpower and services.

The Bridge Between Hospital and Home

In Council, Minister of Health Yang Berhormat Dato Seri Setia Dr Haji Mohammad Isham bin Haji Jaafar outlined plans involving the Tutong hospital.

The extension building of its National Isolation Centre is planned for conversion into a rehabilitation centre, or step-down hospital, alongside several other healthcare facilities.

The project remains at the planning stage.

It was not raised in Council specifically as an elderly-care initiative.

But a step-down hospital is precisely the kind of bridge relevant here: for patients who no longer require acute hospital treatment but are not yet ready to manage safely at home.

Tutong also appears in Brunei's ageing landscape for another reason.

The World Health Organisation's Age-Friendly Communities programme selected the district as Brunei's pilot site, examining accessibility, safety and ease of movement for older residents, including transport and footpaths.

That points towards a familiar formula in social policy: shared responsibility involving Government, families, communities and other sectors.

On paper, that makes sense.

In practice, much of that partnership may already be operating quietly and largely unpaid — inside the family home.

When Hospital Care Ends

Hospitals treat illness.

Families often deal with what happens afterwards.

For an elderly stroke survivor, discharge does not necessarily mean recovery. It can simply mark the point when much of the responsibility moves from hospital to home.

Someone must prepare meals, supervise medication, help with bathing, arrange transport, accompany Mum to appointments and watch for another medical emergency.

That someone is usually a son, daughter, spouse or another relative.

The principle of family responsibility itself is hardly controversial in Brunei.

Within Islam and Malay culture, caring for ageing parents is deeply embedded in filial responsibility, respect and obligation. Brunei's MIB environment reinforces rather than diminishes that expectation.

The policy question therefore should not become whether families should care for their elderly.

That responsibility is already deeply understood.

The harder question is whether families will have enough support to continue fulfilling it as elderly care becomes longer, more complex and more demanding.

The Worker Government Also Needs

There is an uncomfortable demographic paradox here.

Brunei needs productive workers.

An ageing Brunei will also need more caregivers.

Increasingly, they may be the same people.

The daughter caring for an elderly mother may also be the employee Government and industry want participating fully in the workforce.

The son repeatedly taking his father to medical appointments may simultaneously be a supervisor, technician, teacher, civil servant or business owner.

Neither responsibility disappears because the other exists.

This is where elderly-care policy begins to overlap with manpower and productivity policy.

The cost of ageing therefore cannot be measured only through healthcare expenditure.

Some of it may eventually appear as working hours reduced, leave taken, careers interrupted and family members quietly reorganising their lives around care.

Much of that contribution is unpaid.

Much of it barely appears in conventional economic statistics.

Family Care Does Not Mean Family Care Alone

This distinction is particularly important in Brunei.

Residential elderly care exists, but it has never become the country's dominant model.

Seria is home to Brunei's only old persons' home, a longstanding exception within a much stronger social norm that elderly parents remain with their families wherever circumstances allow.

Its existence should not turn this discussion into an argument for institutionalising elderly Bruneians.

Nor should an ageing society automatically mean building more old persons' homes.

The more relevant question is what support should exist between hospital and home.

That space can be considerable.

An elderly person may no longer require hospitalisation but still need nursing assistance, rehabilitation, physiotherapy, supervision or help with everyday activities.

Families provide love, companionship and responsibility.

They cannot automatically provide professional nursing and rehabilitation expertise.

A stronger care system can therefore support family responsibility rather than replace it.

What Ageing Societies Have Learned

Brunei is hardly alone in confronting this problem.

Japan offers a useful comparison. Strong traditions of family responsibility have had to coexist with one of the world's most advanced ageing populations.

Its Community-based Integrated Care System brings medical care, long-term care, prevention, housing and everyday support closer to where elderly people live.

It is designed, where possible, to help people remain within familiar surroundings. Japan also recognises the need to support family caregivers, including those balancing care with employment.

The lesson is not that Brunei should copy Japan.

It is that preserving care within the family may require a support system around the family.

Singapore's Age Well SG similarly emphasises helping seniors remain within their homes and communities while linking housing, transport, active ageing and care.

Malaysia, culturally closer to Brunei, is developing its own long-term-care ecosystem through its National Ageing Blueprint 2025–2045 and Thirteenth Malaysia Plan.

Neither model can simply be transplanted here.

Brunei's population, institutions, resources and MIB framework require a Bruneian solution.

But the underlying point is relevant.

The choice is not simply between looking after Mum at home and sending Mum somewhere else.

There is considerable space between those two extremes.

Sometimes the Carer Needs Care

Denmark offers one particularly useful idea from Europe.

Alongside practical home assistance for elderly people, family caregivers can receive respite or temporary relief when caring responsibilities become difficult to sustain continuously.

The principle is simple: temporary support for the caregiver can help the elderly person continue living at home.

Respite care does not necessarily weaken filial responsibility.

It can help make that responsibility sustainable.

A daughter receiving occasional professional assistance has not abandoned her mother. A son needing several hours' relief from caring for his father has not surrendered responsibility.

Sometimes helping the caregiver is precisely what allows the family to continue caring.

Towards a Bruneian Continuum of Care

None of this means Brunei needs a Japanese, Singaporean, Malaysian or European elderly-care system.

The better question is what a Bruneian continuum of care might eventually look like.

The Tutong step-down hospital could become one part of it.

Home nursing could be another.

So could rehabilitation, physiotherapy, caregiver training, medical transport, community health visits and carefully designed respite support.

Brunei is not entirely starting from zero on the evidence side either.

The Centre for Strategic and Policy Studies, working with the Ministry of Health, is running a National Successful Ageing Survey through 2026.

It is gathering data from 1,100 respondents across all four districts to help build a National Five-Year Roadmap for Successful Ageing.

That baseline could eventually help test whether Brunei's elderly-care system is working — not merely whether programmes and facilities exist.

The objective need not be to move elderly people away from their families.

It could be exactly the opposite:

to help families keep them safely at home for as long as possible.

That distinction matters.

It allows modern elderly-care policy to reinforce the values Brunei wishes to preserve rather than appearing to compete with them.

The Question LegCo Has Put Before Us

Nearly three in every ten Bruneians could be over 60 by 2050.

That future will require more than hospital beds.

It will require geriatric expertise, rehabilitation, community support and perhaps a clearer bridge between acute medical treatment and long-term family care.

Most importantly, it will require recognition that the family caregiver is part of the ageing equation too.

For decades, Brunei's family structure has absorbed much of elderly care without requiring it to be described as a national care system.

Families simply cared.

That principle remains powerful.

But demographic change is making the practical demands behind it harder to ignore.

The success of Brunei's future elderly-care policy therefore need not be measured by how much responsibility Government takes away from families.

A better measure may be how effectively Government enables families to fulfil the responsibility they already accept.

Because when Mum can no longer safely be left alone, her children already understand their responsibility.

What this LegCo session has brought into sharper focus is whether the care system will be ready to help them carry it.

14,677 on Welfare. But How Many Make It Out for Good?

Food for Thought

Brunei knows how many people receive welfare. It knows how many enter training, entrepreneurship and employment programmes. But one number matters more: how many eventually no longer need assistance — and stay independent? Poverty is not solved by giving help. The real measure is when families no longer need it.

KopiTalk LegCo Tracker · Second Meeting — Special Report (Poverty)

Almost 96 per cent of Brunei's welfare recipients are classified as able-bodied. The government wants assistance to lead towards self-reliance. The harder measure is how many households eventually no longer need it.

By Malai Hassan Othman

Brunei has 14,677 people receiving welfare assistance. Of them, 14,079 — or 95.9 per cent — are classified as able-bodied and capable of working.

That figure is striking. But it should not be read as evidence that almost every welfare recipient could simply take a job tomorrow.

Government's own Social Blueprint says poverty is more complicated than physical ability alone. Childcare, transport and wider personal, social and economic circumstances can all affect participation in work.

That distinction matters because poverty returned to the Legislative Council with a different emphasis: not merely how much assistance is distributed, but whether assistance helps people become independent.

Yang Berhormat Pengiran Dato Seri Setia Shamhary bin Pengiran Dato Paduka Haji Mustapha, Minister of Culture, Youth and Sports, set out that direction before LegCo.

Welfare, he said, should support a transition towards employment, entrepreneurship, skills development and ultimately a more self-reliant life.

That moves the poverty debate towards a harder question: how many people actually make that transition — and remain there?

From Assistance to Independence

Government's direction is clear.

The Social Blueprint says empowerment programmes should reduce welfare dependency and strengthen the ability of lower-income individuals and families to support themselves.

Among the initiatives are entrepreneurship and skills-development schemes such as BIBD SEED, alongside employment-matching support involving agencies including Darussalam Enterprise and LiveWIRE Brunei.

The latest LegCo figures show considerable activity behind that policy.

Since 2016, employment matching and employer collaboration have helped 1,037 beneficiaries and family members obtain jobs.

Another 643 people participated in entrepreneurship programmes, while 180 completed skills training through organisations including the Youth Development Centre, LiveWIRE Brunei, DARe and BIBD SEED.

The Visionary Youth Innovation Programme supported 86 children of welfare recipients, with 49 securing employment. Another 246 children benefited from free tuition programmes.

Those are meaningful outputs.

But programme participation, training completion and even initial job placement do not necessarily tell us whether a household has permanently escaped financial vulnerability.

That is where measurement becomes more difficult.

The Missing Number

We know how many people received assistance, how many joined employment and entrepreneurship programmes, and how many were matched to jobs.

What is less visible is another figure: how many subsequently stopped requiring welfare because their household income became sustainably sufficient?

And beyond that, how many remained independent one year later? Two years later?

How many returned after losing work, experiencing illness, assuming caring responsibilities or discovering that their wages still could not meet household needs?

Those figures would tell us something participation statistics cannot.

They would show whether welfare is functioning as a bridge towards independence rather than simply as a safety net people repeatedly return to.

Able to Work, But Facing Barriers

The 95.9 per cent figure will inevitably attract attention.

But the Social Blueprint itself warns against treating poverty as a question of motivation alone.

It identifies childcare and transportation, alongside personal, social and economic circumstances, as practical barriers influencing whether people can participate in employment.

That is an important acknowledgement.

A mother may be able to work but have nobody to care for young children. A job may exist but require transport she cannot reliably afford.

Someone may enter employment but earn too little, work irregular hours or remain exposed to insecure income.

The question is therefore not simply whether somebody can work. It is whether the pathway into work is strong enough to produce lasting household security.

A Job Is Not Always the End of Poverty

This is where poverty and employment policy begin to overlap.

The Social Blueprint warns that informal workers can face inadequate social protection, income inequality and weak job and income security.

That means placing somebody into work does not automatically mean poverty has been resolved.

Someone can technically be employed and remain financially vulnerable.

There lies one of the uncomfortable paradoxes in measuring poverty reduction.

The government may record a successful employment outcome while the same household continues to struggle with food, transport, housing costs, or debt.

A stronger measure would ask what happened afterwards.

Did earnings become sufficient? Was the job retained? Did the household eventually stop requiring assistance?

That is closer to the outcome the Government says it wants.

The Data Is Already There

Brunei is not starting from zero.

The National Welfare System, or SKN, was established in July 2020 to align welfare applications and improve how eligibility is assessed.

The Social Blueprint says SKN can produce poverty mapping covering residence, employment status, education, skills, housing and income of recipients and dependants.

That is a significant capability.

It allows assistance to become more targeted. It should also help Government understand what happens to recipients after interventions are delivered.

If SKN can identify who needs assistance, can it also show who eventually no longer needs it — and why?

That may be the more valuable direction for outcome-based monitoring.

Not surveillance. Not punishment.

Better understanding of whether policies are actually changing lives.

Poverty Beyond the Welfare Register

There is another reason to be cautious about treating the welfare register as Brunei's poverty count.

Some financially vulnerable households may never appear there.

The Social Blueprint cites a BDCB-CSPS study of 1,521 households, in which 24 per cent reported relying on borrowing to meet daily expenses.

It also identifies income inequality as an ongoing social-mobility challenge.

Those households may be employed and may not qualify for assistance. Yet one illness, job loss or unexpected expense could still destabilise the family.

Poverty therefore cannot be understood only by counting people receiving welfare.

The wider issue is economic resilience.

The Strategy Exists. Now Measure the Journey

Government has already built much of the architecture.

The Special Committee on Poverty Issues coordinates policies and interventions, while SKN provides data to support more targeted assistance.

The Poverty Alleviation Action Plan 2026–2029 is expected to emphasise employment pathways, entrepreneurship, family empowerment, targeted interventions and outcome-based monitoring.

The Social Blueprint supplies the wider policy direction: greater self-reliance, resilience and social mobility.

So the question is no longer whether Brunei has a poverty strategy.

It does.

The harder question is whether that strategy can show, clearly and consistently, how many families move out of dependency — and remain there.

There will always be people who require long-term assistance because of disability, illness, age or circumstances beyond their control. A humane welfare system must protect them.

But for those capable of moving towards economic independence, success should eventually become visible in another set of numbers.

Not only how many received assistance.

Not only how many attended programmes.

Not only how many obtained their first job.

But how many households became stable enough that welfare was no longer necessary — and remained stable afterwards.

Brunei already knows how many people need welfare today.

The harder number is how many make it out — and do not need to come back.

They Finished the Programme. Then the Records Went Quiet.

Food for Thought

We trained them. They completed the programmes. Most moved into jobs, education or continued searching. But for 2,348 Bruneians, the official trail went quiet. They may be working. They may not. That uncertainty matters. Perhaps the next employment question is not how many we train — but what happens afterwards?

KopiTalk LegCo Tracker · Second Meeting — Special Report (Employment)

Brunei has invested heavily in preparing local jobseekers for work. Most programme completers remained visible in employment, education or job-search records. But for 2,348 people, an important question remains: what happened next?

By Malai Hassan Othman

There are 2,348 Bruneians in the latest employment figures who deserve another look.

They completed Government workforce-development programmes designed to improve their employability. But afterwards, their trail through the official records cited in the Legislative Council went quiet.

They should not automatically be described as unemployed or inactive. Hansard establishes something narrower — and perhaps more interesting.

Since 2017, the Manpower Planning and Employment Council has introduced 17 Manpower Development Programmes, covering areas such as HSSE, accounting, human resources, and Allied Health.

By 30 June 2026, 16,158 Bruneians had participated: 15,230 jobseekers and 928 already employed.

Among the jobseekers, 13,839 had completed their programmes while another 1,391 were still undergoing training.

Then comes the more revealing breakdown.

Of the 13,839 who completed their programmes, 8,290 — 60 per cent — had obtained employment.

Another 317, or two per cent, were pursuing higher education, while 2,884, or 21 per cent, remained actively looking for work through JobCentre Brunei.

That left 2,348 people — 17 per cent of those who completed the programmes — outside those three clearly identified outcomes.

They had no recent employment record with the Employees Trust Fund, no recent JobCentre Brunei job-search record and no current record through the education channels checked.

The official data could therefore tell us where most programme completers went.

For these 2,348, it could not.

There could be many explanations. Some may have become self-employed, entered gig or informal work, assumed family responsibilities or simply stopped registering as active jobseekers.

But these are possibilities, not findings from the Hansard. And therein lies the more important employment question.

Government knows they entered the programmes. It knows they completed them. What the figures presented to LegCo cannot clearly tell us is what happened afterwards.

That is an awkward gap in a manpower system increasingly being asked to measure not merely training and placement, but retention, productivity, income and sustainable careers.

A person can complete a course without finding work. Someone can find work but leave several months later. Another may accept employment unrelated to the training received.

Yang Berhormat Dato Seri Setia Awang Haji Ahmaddin bin Haji Abdul Rahman, Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and Manpower, told Council that success should not be measured simply by the percentage of locals employed.

It should also consider placement and retention, skills, productivity, income and the number of Bruneians building sustainable careers in the country's key sectors.

That is a considerably more useful measure.

The question is no longer simply: Did we train them?

It becomes: Where did that training eventually take them?

Government programmes understandably measure participation: how many registered, completed the programme and obtained employment. Those numbers are necessary, but the more difficult measurement begins afterwards.

Where is that person one year later — still employed, earning more, building a career, working in the field for which he or she trained, or back looking for work?

Those answers tell us something programme-completion figures cannot.

They tell us whether an intervention changed someone's economic position rather than simply moving that person successfully through a training programme.

The difference is important.

A programme measures what Government delivered.

An outcome measures what changed for the person.

There is an interesting parallel elsewhere in the same LegCo proceedings.

Government is already bringing information from several agencies together through the Sistem Kebajikan Negara to identify households that may fall between welfare programmes.

The system incorporates information involving JAPEM, Zakat and Baitulmal authorities, the Ministry of Education and the Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Foundation.

Employment policy may benefit from the same thinking.

This need not mean greater surveillance of jobseekers.

It means understanding whether someone who leaves one database has moved successfully into economic activity — or simply fallen beyond the measurements being used.

The distinction matters.

A young Bruneian who becomes self-employed and another who becomes discouraged and stops searching could both appear similarly absent from the records cited.

Their circumstances could hardly be more different.

There may be a straightforward way to find out.

Take a representative sample of the 2,348 and follow up.

Where are they now?

Did the training help them obtain work?

If they found employment, did they stay?

If they left, why?

Was salary the problem? Transport? Working conditions? Family responsibilities? Skills mismatch? Or was the programme itself insufficiently connected to available jobs?

Perhaps many are doing well outside the records examined.

That would be useful to know.

Perhaps others encountered barriers that another training course alone will not solve.

That would be even more important to know.

Either answer would make future manpower planning better informed.

Understanding these 2,348 matters even more in the private sector, where 82,013 of 148,129 workers in 2025 were foreign workers.

The government has cautioned that those jobs cannot simply be replaced one-for-one by locals. Skills, suitability, job quality, workforce readiness and industry's actual requirements all matter.

And there lies another paradox: Brunei needs more locals in the private sector, yet for 2,348 Bruneians already put through workforce-development programmes, the available records cannot clearly tell us what came next.

They had already entered the workforce-development system.

Government invested resources in preparing them. They invested their own time and effort in completing the programmes.

For most programme completers, the records presented to LegCo identified what came next.

For 2,348, they did not.

They should not remain merely the 17 per cent at the bottom of a statistical breakdown.

Perhaps the next useful step in manpower planning begins with a simple question:

We trained you. What happened next?

Day Six of LegCo: When Will People Feel the Coordination?

KopiTalk LegCo Tracker · Second Meeting, Day Six — In-Depth (From the Hansard) · 11 August 2026

The Second Meeting ended with Ministers and Members returning to the same unresolved test: not whether Brunei has plans, frameworks and coordinating structures, but whether ordinary people can see the difference in jobs, welfare, projects and public services.

By Malai Hassan Othman

Yang Berhormat Dayang Hajah Safiah binti Sheikh Haji Abd. Salam gave Council one of the clearest tests of the entire Second Meeting, on its sixth and final sitting day.

People will know coordination is working, she said, when business becomes easier, projects finish on time, quality jobs increase, targeted support reaches people when needed, vulnerable groups receive earlier help, and food and energy supplies remain secure.

Decisions must move into action, she went on. Action must produce results. And the people must eventually feel those results.

It was a fitting way for the Second Meeting to end.

Five days earlier, the Council had endorsed His Majesty's appointment of three Coordinating Ministers.

By Tuesday, the discussion had moved beyond the architecture of coordination towards something more difficult to measure — what difference should an ordinary Bruneian actually notice if it works?

The morning answers provided several places to start looking.

Welfare: 14,677 Still Receiving Assistance

One of the strongest disclosures came from Yang Berhormat Pengiran Dato Seri Setia Shamhary bin Pengiran Dato Paduka Haji Mustapha, Menteri Kebudayaan, Belia dan Sukan.

As of the latest figures he presented to Council, 14,677 people remained active welfare recipients.

Of that number, 14,079 — or 95.9 per cent — were categorised as able-bodied and able to work.

That figure immediately raises a difficult question.

If such a large proportion of welfare recipients are considered capable of working, what is keeping so many from moving permanently into employment, enterprise or other forms of economic independence?

YB Shamhary's own answer cautioned against simplistic conclusions.

The government has not imposed a mandatory social contract on all able-bodied recipients, he said, because family responsibilities, personal circumstances and individual capacity differ.

Instead, JAPEM continues to encourage and guide recipients towards empowerment programmes, while the Government studies how the social-contract approach could be strengthened more systematically.

The policy direction is clear: welfare is not supposed to become a permanent destination for those capable of moving beyond it.

YB Shamhary said the emphasis is increasingly on transition pathways into jobs, entrepreneurship and independent living.

There are results.

Since 2016, job-matching initiatives have helped 1,037 recipients and family members obtain employment.

Another 643 recipients participated in entrepreneurship programmes, 180 received skills training, and 49 of 86 participants in the youth-focused PIBB programme secured jobs.

Those figures matter.

But another number would tell us even more:

How many welfare recipients have left assistance permanently — and how many eventually return?

Hansard does not provide that figure.

That may be the next useful measure if the Government wants welfare policy judged by outcomes rather than participation.

Projects: The Causes of Delay Are Already Known

Yang Berhormat Dato Seri Setia Awang Haji Muhammad Juanda bin Haji Abdul Rashid, Menteri Pembangunan, returned to a familiar public frustration — why Government projects and contractor payments can become delayed.

The causes he listed were not mysterious.

Scope changes.

Design changes.

Additional works requiring approval.

Technical requirements that remain incomplete.

Separately, on payment delays specifically, he pointed to contractor claims submitted incorrectly or without the information required for verification.

YB Juanda's response is to strengthen coordination earlier in the project cycle rather than allow unresolved issues to accumulate until completion.

For Government projects, the Project Implementation Manual is used as the standard reference, with progress meetings and staged inspections intended to identify problems before they affect final certification.

That is sensible.

But it also exposes a harder accountability question.

If the causes of delay are already known, how often are the same causes still being repeated from one project to another?

That is where coordination should eventually become measurable.

Not by another meeting being held.

By fewer projects reaching the end of their timetable with the same preventable problems still unresolved.

Water Gives Us a Useful Example

Non-revenue water offers a more concrete model of what measurable delivery can look like.

YB Juanda said Phase 2 of the programme reduced non-revenue water from 45 per cent in 2020 to 32 per cent in 2022, in pilot areas including Lambak Kanan, Tungku, Kilanas, Dadap and Gadong.

Phase 3 began on 2 September 2025 and is scheduled for completion on 1 September 2029.

The new phase includes pressure-control zones, real-time monitoring, replacement of ageing pipes and digital acoustic sensors to detect underground leakage.

This is the sort of policy story that is easier for the public to follow:

There was a problem;

The public may not remember every programme name.

They will notice whether water losses fall and supply becomes more reliable.

Housing Is Also Becoming Greener

The National Housing Scheme resurfaced on Day Six from a different angle.

YB Juanda said newer housing projects are using Industrialised Building Systems and energy-efficient LED lighting, while further options under study include rainwater harvesting, water-saving fittings, solar-powered external lighting and modular or prefabricated construction.

Projects are also being worked towards green-building ratings, including Gold-level certification where technically and financially suitable.

This is a constructive development.

But, as with the wider housing debate earlier in the Meeting, the ultimate public measure will still be practical:

Can houses be built faster?

Can families afford them?

Can the homes remain economical to maintain?

And can they be delivered early enough in people's lives to provide the security the scheme is designed to create?

Young People, AI and the Jobs Ahead

Youth and technology also featured prominently.

YB Shamhary pointed to Bruneian youth achievements in APICTA, BICTA, the Crown Prince CIPTA Award and the AI Ready ASEAN Youth Challenge.

He also highlighted STEAM and AI curricula run by the Ministry of Education, university capstone projects, apprenticeships, digital entrepreneurship programmes and a Bachelor of Digital Science in Applied Artificial Intelligence.

Those initiatives matter because the employment question has hovered over almost every day of this Second Meeting.

The challenge is no longer simply whether young Bruneians are receiving training.

It is whether those skills match real jobs as technology changes the labour market.

Again, the useful measurement comes after the programme ends.

Who finds work, in what field and at what salary?

And how durable is that employment?

From Ministries to Mukim and Kampung

The afternoon adjournment speeches brought the coordination debate closer to ordinary life.

Yang Berhormat Dr Awang Haji Mahali bin Haji Momin warned against a culture of "passing responsibility" between ministries.

Necessary bureaucracy, he said, should not become red tape that slows progress because people want solutions that are quick, clear and effective.

That is perhaps one of the most relatable definitions of whole-of-government reform.

The public does not normally care which department owns which part of a problem.

They care whether somebody owns the solution.

Yang Berhormat Awang Haji Daud bin Jihan pushed the same argument down to mukim and kampung level.

He called for stronger whole-of-government coordination among ministries, departments, local authorities, penghulu and village institutions so residents do not have to deal with too many agencies to solve one issue.

That gives the national coordination debate a very simple grassroots test:

How many doors must someone knock on before one problem gets solved?

If that number falls, people will feel the reform.

Temburong: Development Has to Change Opportunity

Yang Berhormat Haji Awang Sulaiman bin Haji Nasir used Temburong to make another important distinction.

The district has seen significant physical development.

But he argued that development should also create local economic opportunities, employment, tourism activity, education access, entrepreneurship, digital connectivity and greater community participation.

His point was broader than Temburong.

A place can look more developed without the people living there necessarily becoming more economically secure.

He put the wider Wawasan test just as clearly: progress should not be judged only by statistics, indices or frameworks, but by what citizens can see, feel and enjoy in daily life.

That may be the deeper message of Day Six.

The government has become increasingly explicit about measuring outcomes.

Members are now asking that those outcomes be translated into experiences people recognise.

A 'What-To-Do List' for 2035

Yang Berhormat Pehin Orang Kaya Indera Pahlawan Dato Seri Setia Awang Haji Suyoi bin Haji Osman described the Coordinating Ministers' statements as effectively a "what-to-do list" for Wawasan Brunei 2035.

The priorities he cited included human-capital development, stronger social safety nets, future-ready talent, a larger role for communities and grassroots leaders, and stronger policy governance.

That description is useful.

The architecture now exists: Coordinating Ministers, national priorities, KPIs, National Outcomes, sectoral plans and roadmaps.

What remains is implementation.

And several speakers returned repeatedly to the same warning: with less than a decade remaining to 2035, the country no longer has the luxury of treating implementation as tomorrow's problem.

The Meeting Ends. The Measurement Begins.

By late afternoon, the remaining Members had completed their adjournment speeches.

The Speaker called Usul Bilangan 7/2026 — the motion to adjourn the Second Meeting — for the House's agreement.

By show of hands, all Members agreed, and the motion was passed.

The Speaker then formally adjourned the Second Meeting to a date not yet fixed, under Standing Order 35.

That closes the parliamentary record.

It does not close the questions raised inside it.

Brunei now has a clearer coordination structure and increasingly explicit ways of measuring progress.

The harder test begins outside the chamber.

Can businesses move more easily?

Can Government projects finish on time?

Can welfare recipients move into stable work?

Can young people trained for new industries find the jobs those programmes were meant to prepare them for?

Can residents solve everyday problems without being passed from agency to agency?

And can national progress be seen not merely in an index — but in what people actually experience?

Day Six left us with YB Dayang Safiah's own definition of success, echoing back across the whole Meeting.

Decisions become action.

Action produces results.

And eventually, people must feel the difference.

Day Six at a Glance

• Poverty and welfare — YB Shamhary (Menteri Kebudayaan, Belia dan Sukan) said 14,677 people remained active welfare recipients, with 14,079 — 95.9 per cent — classified as able-bodied and able to work. A mandatory social contract is not yet applied universally, but transition pathways into employment, entrepreneurship and self-reliance are being strengthened.

• Employment outcomes — Per YB Shamhary, since 2016 job-matching initiatives have helped 1,037 welfare recipients or family members obtain jobs; 643 joined entrepreneurship programmes; 180 participated in skills training; and 49 of 86 PIBB participants secured employment.

• Project delivery — YB Juanda (Menteri Pembangunan) identified scope and design changes, additional works, incomplete technical requirements and incorrect contractor claims among recurring causes of project and payment delays. Earlier coordination is being emphasised.

• Non-revenue water — YB Juanda said pilot-area water losses fell from 45 per cent in 2020 to 32 per cent in 2022. Phase 3, running from September 2025 to September 2029, uses smart pressure zones, pipe replacement and acoustic leak detection.

• Greener housing — YB Juanda said new National Housing Scheme projects are using IBS construction and LED lighting, while rainwater harvesting, water-saving fittings, solar-powered external lighting and modular construction are under study.

• Youth and AI — YB Shamhary highlighted youth achievements in national and regional technology competitions alongside Ministry of Education STEAM and AI curricula, apprenticeships, startup programmes and applied-AI higher education.

• Grassroots coordination — YB Mahali and YB Daud bin Jihan called for whole-of-government delivery to reach mukim and kampung level so residents are not forced to navigate multiple agencies for one problem.

• Temburong — YB Sulaiman bin Haji Nasir urged development to connect physical infrastructure with jobs, tourism, enterprise, digital access and community participation so local people experience the economic benefit.

• Second Meeting adjourned — Usul Bilangan 7/2026, the motion to adjourn the Second Meeting, was approved by a show of hands before the Speaker formally adjourned the Council to a date not yet fixed under Standing Order 35.

Facing the Right Direction — But Where Is the Heart Going?

We know where to turn our faces in prayer. But when the prayer mat is folded, does faith still guide our words, promises, generosity and conduct? Surah Al-Baqarah 2:177 asks a quieter, deeper question: is the heart—and the life—travelling towards the same destination? The answer may unsettle us.

KOPITALK JIWA – JOURNEY OF THE HEART

Reflections on Surah Al-Baqarah, Ayat 177

A few mornings ago, a friend sent me a photograph through WhatsApp.

There was no lengthy explanation. No accompanying lecture. Just a photographed page of the Qur’an, with several lines marked in green.

My eyes rested on the opening words of Surah Al-Baqarah, ayat 177:

“Righteousness is not merely turning your faces towards the east or the west.”

I read the words once.

Then again.

At first, I thought the ayat was speaking about direction — the east and the west, Jerusalem and Makkah, and the qiblah towards which believers turn in prayer.

But the longer I remained with it, the more personal it became.

It seemed to be asking me another question.

Not merely:

Which direction does your face turn?

But:

Which direction is your life travelling?

That question stayed with me.

—  —  —

We often recognise faith through what can be seen.

The prayer mat. The raised hands. The bowed head. The familiar words upon our lips. The religious messages we share with others.

These things matter. They are part of our worship.

The ayat does not diminish the qiblah. Allah Himself commands believers to face it. The direction matters because obedience matters.

But perhaps the warning begins when outward worship becomes disconnected from the compassion, integrity and humility it is meant to produce.

A face may turn in the right direction while the rest of life travels elsewhere.

Prayer may become part of the daily routine without entering the way we speak, earn, promise, give and forgive.

We may become careful about religious form while remaining careless with another person’s heart.

That was the uncomfortable possibility I found within the ayat.

I had expected it to define righteousness as an idea.

Instead, it showed me a person.

A person who believes in Allah, the Last Day, the angels, the revealed Books and the prophets.

A person who gives from what is still loved.

A person who establishes prayer and fulfils the obligation of zakat.

A person whose word can be trusted.

A person who remains patient through deprivation, suffering and moments of fear.

The ayat seems to gather the unseen and the visible into one life.

Faith begins within the heart, where no other person can see it.

But the ayat does not allow it to remain invisible.

It must somehow appear in what the hand is willing to release, in the promises the tongue chooses to honour, and in the person who emerges when life becomes difficult.

Righteousness is faith made credible.

—  —  —

The words about giving also made me pause.

The ayat does not merely describe people who give. It speaks of those who give from wealth they still love.

There is a difference.

Giving is relatively easy when we part with something we no longer need. Old clothes. Unwanted belongings. A small amount that does not disturb our comfort.

But what happens when generosity costs us something?

Perhaps generosity does not begin only when our attachment disappears.

Perhaps it begins when faith becomes stronger than that attachment.

And what we hold tightly is not always money.

Sometimes it is our time.

Our comfort.

Our attention.

Our pride.

Even our willingness to forgive.

There are moments when another person does not need a great donation from us. They need us to listen without rushing, to remain present when their story becomes repetitive, or to offer kindness when they have nothing to give in return.

—  —  —

The ayat then returns to prayer and zakat.

That order seems important.

Righteousness is not an argument against ritual. Prayer remains at its centre.

But prayer is meant to do more than organise our day. It should slowly reorganise the person.

Five times a day, we turn away from everything competing for our attention and face Allah.

We declare that Allah is greater.

Greater than our work.

Greater than our worries.

Greater than our reputation.

Greater even than the ego we carry onto the prayer mat.

But when the prayer ends, does that declaration follow us?

Does it make us gentler at home?

Does it change how we treat someone who holds no position, influence or advantage for us?

These are not easy questions.

—  —  —

Then the ayat mentions those who honour their promises.

It seems like such an ordinary quality beside belief, prayer and sacrifice.

Yet a promise reveals something deeply spiritual.

Anyone can give their word when keeping it is easy.

Its value is tested when circumstances change, when a better opportunity appears, or when the person who trusted us has no power to hold us accountable.

A broken promise may feel small to the person who breaks it.

It rarely feels small to the person who believed it.

Perhaps this is why faith must enter even the quiet agreements of everyday life: the call we said we would return, the debt we promised to settle, the confidence entrusted to us.

Righteousness may be revealed not only in great acts witnessed by many, but in small promises remembered by two people — and by Allah.

—  —  —

Then the ayat follows faith into the places where beautiful words are easiest to lose.

Deprivation.

Suffering.

Moments of danger and fear.

It is easier to speak of trust when life unfolds as we hoped.

When health is good.

When income is steady.

When the people we love remain beside us.

When prayers appear to be answered quickly.

But what happens when life moves in another direction?

Patience does not mean the pain no longer hurts. Nor does it require us to pretend that everything is fine.

Perhaps patience is remaining recognisable as a believer when life itself becomes unrecognisable.

It is refusing to let disappointment turn us cruel.

It is continuing to trust Allah while still carrying questions.

It is holding on when we cannot yet see where the road is leading.

At the end of the ayat, Allah describes such people as those who are true and those who are mindful of Him.

The word true made me stop.

Their truth is not established merely by what they say about themselves.

Their lives confirm it.

What they believe enters what they give.

Their prayer enters their character.

Their promises become trustworthy.

Their faith survives beyond comfort.

The ayat is not asking whether we can describe our faith.

It is asking whether our lives confirm it.

—  —  —

By then, the ayat was no longer describing somebody somewhere else.

It had quietly turned the mirror towards me.

Has my prayer changed the way I treat people?

Does my word still mean something when keeping it becomes inconvenient?

Who do I become when life does not unfold according to my plans?

The journey had returned to my own heart.

My friend may have thought he was sending me a photograph of an ayat.

But the longer I looked at it, the more it felt like a mirror.

I know the direction towards which I turn in prayer.

The quieter question is whether my words, my promises, my possessions and my conduct are travelling in that same direction.

— KopiTalk Jiwa

Day Five of LegCo: Government Sets Its Own Test for Delivery

KopiTalk LegCo Tracker · Second Meeting, Day Five — In-Depth from the Hansard · 10 August 2026

From public transport and tourism to Wawasan 2035, Monday produced new targets, timelines and promises. But the day's more consequential message came from Government itself: coordination must produce solutions, not another layer of process.

By Malai Hassan Othman

After five days of questions about housing, jobs, transport, tourism and Government coordination, one sentence on Monday afternoon cut through much of the policy language.

Yang Berhormat Pehin Datu Lailaraja Major General (Rtd) Dato Paduka Seri Awang Haji Halbi bin Haji Mohd Yussof told the Legislative Council:

“Penyelarasan perlu menghasilkan penyelesaian bukan menambah lapisan proses.”

Coordination must produce solutions, not add another layer of process.

It was a significant statement from the Coordinating Minister for National Security at a Meeting that began with the Council endorsing His Majesty's appointment of three new Coordinating Ministers.

Five sitting days later, one of those Ministers had effectively supplied the standard against which the new structure itself should eventually be measured.

Not coordination for coordination's sake.

But whether Government can connect planning, implementation and results.

YB Pehin Halbi said Brunei is not short of policies, strategies, blueprints, programmes or initiatives. The priority now is making those plans work together and produce results.

That requires clear leadership, understood responsibilities, realistic timelines, evidence-based decisions and early intervention when weaknesses emerge during implementation.

There are now numbers against which some of that progress can eventually be tested.

The updated Wawasan Brunei 2035 framework connects its three goals with eight national priorities, 13 National Outcomes and 42 National KPIs.

Government says progress should increasingly be judged by outcomes and public impact rather than simply by how many programmes or activities have been conducted.

That distinction matters because Government activity and Government delivery are not necessarily the same thing.

And much of Monday's Question Time illustrated precisely why.

Public Transport: From Plans to Implementation

Public transport returned to Council with an important change in emphasis.

Government now describes public transport not merely as a commercial service, but as an essential public amenity connecting communities, supporting economic activity and improving quality of life.

The proposed system combines fixed-route services with Demand Responsive Transit for areas where conventional routes are less practical.

There has already been a lengthy journey to reach this point.

A Request for Information ran from December 2023 to February 2024. A Request for Proposal followed from October 2024 to March 2025.

A potential DRT operator was issued a licence on 30 April 2026, and preparations for implementation are continuing.

The policy direction is therefore clearer.

The public-interest question is now simpler: when will passengers experience the difference?

That is exactly the kind of question YB Pehin Halbi's own delivery standard invites.

Telecommunications: Affordability Is Improving

Government also presented evidence of falling telecommunications costs.

Brunei ranked second in ASEAN and 29th among 208 countries in the ITU's 2025 ICT Price Basket, according to figures presented in Council.

An entry-level BND30 postpaid plan that previously provided 8GB now offers up to 18GB, reducing the cost per gigabyte by more than 55 per cent.

This is a measurable improvement — precisely the kind of before-and-after comparison that makes public policy easier to assess.

The wider digital discussion also touched on stronger anti-scam infrastructure and preparations for an economy increasingly shaped by artificial intelligence.

Education: Are We Training for the Jobs That Exist?

Education and technical training brought another attempt to make outcomes more measurable.

A new Feature Analysis Model is to assess higher-education and TVET programmes against demand, completion rates, costs, employability, relevance, employment outcomes and median salaries.

The model will be implemented across public higher-education institutions beginning this year.

Earlier in this Second Meeting, Council heard that 14,976 Bruneians were active jobseekers as of June, with 79 per cent aged between 21 and 35.

Against that background, measuring a course by how many students enrol or graduate is no longer enough.

The harder question is what happens to them afterwards.

Tourism: One Million Visitors

Tourism produced some of Day Five's biggest numbers.

The government is targeting one million visitors and approximately BND630 million in tourism revenue in 2027.

A BND6.8 million eco-resort is expected to open in August 2027, with a workforce targeted to be 90 per cent local.

Those ambitions are substantial.

But the discussion also returned to a less spectacular problem: visitors still need to be able to discover, book and experience the tourism products Brunei already has.

That is important because this Meeting had already heard that average hotel stays had fallen from around three days to two.

More arrivals will matter.

So will how long they stay, what they spend and how much of that spending reaches hotels, guides, restaurants, transport providers and community businesses.

Once again, the issue comes back to outcomes rather than activity.

Halal: Expertise Is Not Authority

Monday also brought a useful clarification over halal governance.

Universiti Islam Sultan Sharif Ali can contribute research and expertise, but it does not have the authority to approve halal certificates or permits.

That distinction remains with the relevant regulatory authorities.

It may appear administrative, but clarity over who advises, who regulates and who ultimately decides is part of the same governance question running through the Meeting.

Clear responsibilities matter when Government wants faster delivery.

What Members Still Wanted on Record

By afternoon, Government considered the scheduled business of the Meeting completed.

YB Pehin Halbi moved under Standing Order 35(1) for the Meeting to be adjourned to an unspecified date.

Six Members spoke during Monday's adjournment debate.

Their interventions showed that, procedural business aside, substantial concerns remained.

YB Awang Abdul Aziz bin Haji Hamdan spoke about creative industries and identity theft.

YB Awang Amran bin Haji Maidin returned to issues closer to household life — the cost of living, employment and housing.

YB Awang Haji Mohamad Danial @ Tekpin bin Ya'akub pressed for stronger governance of Wawasan Brunei 2035 targets.

YB Awang Lau How Teck raised productivity and the continuing fiscal deficit.

YB Awang Haji Salleh Bostaman bin Haji Zainal Abidin reflected on the Code of Ethics debate and apologised for anything in his conduct that may have caused offence.

Then YB Awang Mohammad Ali bin Tanjong offered perhaps the most useful reminder of what all these days of parliamentary discussion are supposed to achieve:

“Janganlah segala perbahasan kita tinggal sebagai catatan di dalam Hansard, biarlah ia menjadi tindakan.”

Let the debates not remain merely entries in the Hansard. Let them become action.

With more Members still on the Speaker's list, debate on the adjournment motion continued on Tuesday.

Government Has Set the Benchmark

Throughout this Second Meeting, Members have repeatedly asked variations of the same question.

When will plans become delivery?

It surfaced in housing.

It surfaced in public transport.

It surfaced in employment, tourism, Wawasan 2035 and even in the debate over how the Legislative Council should regulate its own conduct.

Day Five did not answer all those questions.

But Government did something important: it articulated more clearly how it wants performance to be judged.

There are national priorities.

There are National Outcomes.

There are KPIs.

There are timelines.

And there is now a public statement from one of the new Coordinating Ministers that coordination should solve problems rather than create another administrative layer.

That gives Council — and the public — something more concrete to return to.

The test from here is not whether Government can produce another strategy, committee, dashboard or programme.

It is whether public transport becomes easier to use; whether young people trained for work actually find it; whether tourists stay longer; whether national KPIs move; and whether coordination shortens the distance between a problem being recognised and something being done about it.

YB Pehin Halbi may therefore have supplied Day Five's most important benchmark himself:

Coordination must produce solutions.

The Hansard has recorded it.

The next measure is delivery.

Day Five at a Glance

Adjournment and delivery. YB Pehin Halbi moved to adjourn the Second Meeting after scheduled business was completed. In his closing remarks, he said cross-ministerial coordination should produce solutions rather than add process, citing the updated Wawasan Brunei 2035 framework: three goals, eight national priorities, 13 National Outcomes and 42 National KPIs. Six Members spoke before the sitting ended, with debate continuing on Tuesday, 11 August.

Telecommunications. Brunei ranked second in ASEAN and 29th among 208 countries on the ITU's 2025 ICT Price Basket. An entry-level BND30 postpaid plan that once offered 8GB now provides up to 18GB, cutting the cost per gigabyte by more than 55 per cent.

Public transport. After a Core Bus Network RFI from December 2023 to February 2024 and an operating RFP from October 2024 to March 2025, a Demand Responsive Transit operator received its licence on 30 April 2026. Implementation preparations are continuing.

TVET and AI. The Ministry of Education outlined strategies to keep technical and vocational education relevant as technology and artificial intelligence reshape work. A Feature Analysis Model is being rolled out across public higher-education institutions to assess demand, completion, cost, employability, relevance, employment outcomes and median salaries.

Anti-scam measures. AITI's Waspada.bn fact-checking platform, launched in June 2025, had published 226 Instagram posts by 1 July 2026. The Anti-Scam Centre helpline 16993 has operated since August 2025, while a dedicated scam-reporting portal is in beta with a Q2 2027 target.

Digital backbone. Government is developing a sovereign cloud with AI compute capability and an in-house large language model, alongside the IKTIRAF accreditation scheme for local ICT firms and an expanding Brunei ICT Industry Competency Framework.

Electric vehicles. EVs accounted for 0.7 per cent, or 124 units, of new vehicle registrations in 2025. Their share rose to 2.8 per cent in the first half of 2026. As of 23 July, Brunei had 22 charging locations with 40 charging points.

Visit Brunei Year 2027. The government is targeting one million visitors and roughly BND630 million in tourism revenue in 2027. A BND6.8 million eco-resort is expected to open in August 2027, with a workforce targeted to be 90 per cent local.

Halal governance. The Minister of Education clarified that UNISSA's Pusat Penyelidikan Halalan Tayibban supports industry through training and advisory services under a 2023 MOU, but does not have authority to approve halal certificates or permits.