Malai Hassan Othman | KopiTalk with MHO
Sit down. The doctor has gone through every number.
And we need to talk honestly.
You know that feeling when you walk into the doctor's office, results in hand, hoping for the best but half-expecting to hear something you do not want to hear? That is where Brunei is right now.
The Department of Economic Planning and Statistics has published the Brunei Darussalam Key Indicators 2025 — the BDKI — a full annual health check of the nation. Every vital sign measured. Every organ examined. The blood work done. The scan completed. I have gone through it the way a doctor goes through your test results — not looking only for what is reassuring, but for what is real.
We now have less than ten years left to reach Wawasan 2035. This is the final lap. And no one should run a final lap without first knowing the true condition of the body carrying them.
Your Heart: GDP Growth at 0.7%
Brunei's economic heartbeat came in at 0.7 percent in 2025. It is beating — we are not flatlining. But GDP per capita fell from BND 44,996 in 2024 to BND 42,860 in 2025. The country ended the year with less income per person than before.
Oil and gas still contributed 46.1 percent of the entire economy. But the non-oil economy — the part Wawasan 2035 was meant to strengthen — contracted 1.5 percent. The private sector contracted 2.1 percent. A heart where one valve does most of the work while the others weaken is a heart under strain it was never designed to carry alone. No nation should arrive at 2035 on artificial support.
Your Cholesterol: Oil Dependency
The average export price of crude oil was USD 72.33 per barrel in 2025, down from USD 83.85 the year before. Oil and gas revenue fell to BND 2.36 billion — from BND 2.51 billion in 2024 and BND 2.83 billion in 2023. Three years in a row. Consistently falling. FDI came in at BND 219.8 million — positive, but thin, and driven more by debt than by fresh equity confidence. You can live with cholesterol.
But it catches up. And the longer you wait, the fewer options you have.
Your Blood Sugar: The Fiscal Deficit
2023 deficit: BND 2.34 billion
2024 deficit: BND 2.75 billion
2025 deficit: BND 3.09 billion
The government spent BND 6.43 billion and earned BND 3.34 billion. The gap is BND 3.09 billion — every single year. The damage happens quietly: kidneys strain, circulation weakens, nerves lose sensitivity. And then something that should have healed — does not. The time to address blood sugar is not when the damage is already visible. It is now.
Your Lungs: Female Unemployment Rising
Overall unemployment rose to 5.2 percent. Male unemployment: 4.2 percent.
Female unemployment: 6.7 percent — up from 5.6 percent the year before. Female labour force participation fell to 67.2 percent. Our daughters complete their degrees and enter an economy that increasingly cannot place them. This is one lung underperforming. And no nation can run the final lap breathing with one lung.
Your Liver: Maintenance Crowding Out Investment
Personnel emoluments reached BND 2.31 billion. Recurrent ordinary expenditure: BND 4.86 billion. Development expenditure — money spent on building tomorrow — was BND 324.8 million. For every dollar spent on maintaining what already exists, only seven cents went toward building what needs to exist.
Your Kidneys: Food Security Outsourced
Food imports in 2025: BND 686.3 million. We import the overwhelming majority of what 458,600 people eat every day. Shipping lanes face geopolitical pressure. Climate events disrupt harvests. Local production is improving — fisheries reached 25,386.5 metric tonnes, rice 2,593.6 metric tonnes — but remains a fraction of national need. Dialysis keeps people alive. But building your own kidney function is what resilience actually looks like.
Your Pancreas, Colon & Brain
Inflation was -0.3 percent. The Retail Sales Index fell 3.9 percent — third consecutive year of decline. The Services Sales Index fell 7.9 percent. Household spending contracted 1.8 percent. Gross Capital Formation fell 6.0 percent. The economy has lost its appetite and its digestion has slowed.
Yet literacy stands at 96.8 percent. 102,880 students are enrolled. Tertiary institutions are producing graduates — qualified, educated, ready. The brain is sending strong signals. But the private sector contracted 2.1 percent, non-oil industries contracted 1.5 percent. The brain is one of Brunei's strongest assets. The problem is the rest of the body has not been built out to match it.
The Doctor's Verdict
You are not ready for the final lap.
The Prescription
Free the private sector — genuinely.
Every layer of friction discouraging new business, new investment, new industries — identify it, confront it, remove it. The non-oil economy must grow. This is not a preference. It is a survival requirement.
Address the fiscal deficit structurally.
Not managed year to year — restructured. Development expenditure must take a larger share. Recurrent costs must be honestly reviewed. Oil revenue will not rescue the balance sheet much longer.
Open the other lung.
Female economic participation is a growth lever, not a social programme. The barriers in hiring, workplace structures, and sector development must be identified and dismantled.
Build your own kidneys.
Food security is a national security issue. Scale up investment, land policy, research support, and market development with urgency.
Feed the pancreas.
Stimulate domestic demand. Give small and medium businesses genuine access to financing, markets, and a regulatory environment that does not exhaust them before they can grow.
Some people walk out of the clinic, fold the results, and go back to life as it was. But the body keeps its own schedule. If these issues are not addressed before 2035, the year will arrive — as it must — and the story will be the gap between what Wawasan promised and what the nation delivered. Not a collapse. Something quieter: an educated generation without full economic opportunity. A fiscal system stretched thin. A food supply exposed. A private sector still too thin to stand alone.
The plan is in the prescription. The warning is written across the numbers. The deadline is 2035 — less than ten years away, with no extensions.
The discipline to change before the body forces us to.
Malai Hassan Othman is an investigative journalist, political advisor, and policy analyst based in Brunei Darussalam. He writes KopiTalk with MHO at kopitalkmho.blogspot.com and serves as Chairman of the NDP Advisory Board. Data: BDKI 2025, Department of Economic Planning and Statistics, Brunei Darussalam.





